introduce docs -> models section mostly finished

docs/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Welcome to MkDocs
+
+For full documentation visit [mkdocs.org](https://www.mkdocs.org).
+
+## Commands
+
+* `mkdocs new [dir-name]` - Create a new project.
+* `mkdocs serve` - Start the live-reloading docs server.
+* `mkdocs build` - Build the documentation site.
+* `mkdocs -h` - Print help message and exit.
+
+## Project layout
+
+    mkdocs.yml    # The configuration file.
+    docs/
+        index.md  # The documentation homepage.
+        ...       # Other markdown pages, images and other files.

docs/models.md

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+# Models
+
+## Defining models
+By defining an orm Model you get corresponding **Pydantic model** as well as **Sqlalchemy table** for free.
+They are being managed in the background and you do not have to create them on your own.
+
+### Model Class
+To build an ORM model you simply need to inherit a `orm.Model` class.
+
+```Python hl_lines="10"
+--8<-- "../docs_src/models/docs001.py"
+```
+
+### Defining Fields
+Next assign one or more of the [Fields][fields] as a class level variables.
+
+Each table **has to** have a primary key column, which you specify by setting `primary_key=True` on selected field.
+
+Only one primary key column is allowed.
+
+```Python hl_lines="14 15 16"
+--8<-- "../docs_src/models/docs001.py"
+```
+
+!!! warning 
+    Not assigning `primary_key` column or assigning more than one column per `Model` will raise `ModelDefinitionError`
+    exception.
+
+By default if you assign primary key to `Integer` field, the `autoincrement` option is set to true.
+
+You can disable by passing `autoincremant=False`.
+
+```Python 
+id = orm.Integer(primary_key=True, autoincrement=False)
+```
+
+Names of the fields will be used for both the underlying `pydantic` model and `sqlalchemy` table.
+
+### Dependencies
+
+Since orm depends on [`databases`][databases] and [`sqlalchemy-core`][sqlalchemy-core] for database connection 
+and table creation you need to assign each `Model` with two special parameters.
+
+#### Databases
+One is `Database` instance created with your database url in [sqlalchemy connection string][sqlalchemy connection string] format.
+
+Created instance needs to be passed to every `Model` with `__database__` parameter.
+
+```Python hl_lines="1 6 11"
+--8<-- "../docs_src/models/docs001.py"
+```
+
+!!! tip
+    You need to create the `Database` instance **only once** and use it for all models. 
+    You can create several ones if you want to use multiple databases.
+
+#### Sqlalchemy
+Second dependency is sqlalchemy `MetaData` instance.
+
+Created instance needs to be passed to every `Model` with `__metadata__` parameter.
+
+```Python hl_lines="2 7 12"
+--8<-- "../docs_src/models/docs001.py"
+```
+
+!!! tip
+    You need to create the `MetaData` instance **only once** and use it for all models. 
+    You can create several ones if you want to use multiple databases.
+
+### Table Names
+
+By default table name is created from Model class name as lowercase name plus 's'.
+
+You can overwrite this parameter by providing `__tablename__` argument.
+
+```Python hl_lines="11 12 13"
+--8<-- "../docs_src/models/docs002.py"
+```
+
+## Initialization
+
+There are two ways to create and persist the `Model` instance in the database.
+
+!!!tip 
+    Use `ipython` to try this from the console, since it supports `await`.
+
+If you plan to modify the instance in the later execution of your program you can initiate your `Model` as a normal class and later await a `save()` call.  
+
+```Python hl_lines="19 20"
+--8<-- "../docs_src/models/docs007.py"
+```
+
+If you want to initiate your `Model` and at the same time save in in the database use a QuerySet's method `create()`.
+
+Each model has a `QuerySet` initialised as `objects` parameter 
+
+```Python hl_lines="22"
+--8<-- "../docs_src/models/docs007.py"
+```
+
+!!!info
+    To read more about `QuerySets` and available methods visit [queries][queries]
+
+## Attributes Delegation
+
+Each call to `Model` fields parameter under the hood is delegated to either the `pydantic` model
+or other related `Model` in case of relations. 
+
+The fields and relations are not stored on the `Model` itself
+
+```Python hl_lines="31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41"
+--8<-- "../docs_src/models/docs006.py"
+```
+
+!!! warning
+    In example above model instances are created but not persisted that's why `id` of `department` is None!
+
+!!!info
+    To read more about `ForeignKeys` and `Model` relations visit [relations][relations]
+
+## Internals
+
+Apart from special parameters defined in the `Model` during definition (tablename, metadata etc.) the `Model` provides you with useful internals.
+
+### Pydantic Model
+To access auto created pydantic model you can use `Model.__pydantic_model__` parameter
+
+For example to list model fields you can:
+
+```Python hl_lines="18"
+--8<-- "../docs_src/models/docs003.py"
+```
+
+!!!tip
+    Note how the primary key `id` field is optional as `Integer` primary key by default has `autoincrement` set to `True`.
+
+!!!info
+    For more options visit official [pydantic][pydantic] documentation.
+
+### Sqlalchemy Table
+To access auto created sqlalchemy table you can use `Model.__table__` parameter
+
+For example to list table columns you can:
+
+```Python hl_lines="18"
+--8<-- "../docs_src/models/docs004.py"
+```
+
+!!!tip
+    You can access table primary key name by `Course.__pkname__`
+
+!!!info
+    For more options visit official [sqlalchemy-metadata][sqlalchemy-metadata] documentation.
+
+### Fields Definition
+To access orm `Fields` you can use `Model.__model_fields__` parameter
+
+For example to list table model fields you can:
+
+```Python hl_lines="18"
+--8<-- "../docs_src/models/docs005.py"
+```
+
+[fields]: ./fields.md
+[relations]: ./relations.md
+[queries]: ./queries.md
+[pydantic]: https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/
+[sqlalchemy-core]: https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/core/
+[sqlalchemy-metadata]: https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/13/core/metadata.html
+[databases]: https://github.com/encode/databases
+[sqlalchemy connection string]: https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/13/core/engines.html#database-urls

docs_src/models/docs001.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import databases
+import sqlalchemy
+
+import orm
+
+database = databases.Database("sqlite:///db.sqlite")
+metadata = sqlalchemy.MetaData()
+
+
+class Course(orm.Model):
+    __database__ = database
+    __metadata__ = metadata
+
+    id = orm.Integer(primary_key=True)
+    name = orm.String(length=100)
+    completed = orm.Boolean(default=False)

docs_src/models/docs002.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import databases
+import sqlalchemy
+
+import orm
+
+database = databases.Database("sqlite:///db.sqlite")
+metadata = sqlalchemy.MetaData()
+
+
+class Course(orm.Model):
+    # if you omit this parameter it will be created automatically
+    # as class.__name__.lower()+'s' -> "courses" in this example
+    __tablename__ = "my_courses"
+    __database__ = database
+    __metadata__ = metadata
+
+    id = orm.Integer(primary_key=True)
+    name = orm.String(length=100)
+    completed = orm.Boolean(default=False)

docs_src/models/docs003.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import databases
+import sqlalchemy
+
+import orm
+
+database = databases.Database("sqlite:///db.sqlite")
+metadata = sqlalchemy.MetaData()
+
+
+class Course(orm.Model):
+    __database__ = database
+    __metadata__ = metadata
+
+    id = orm.Integer(primary_key=True)
+    name = orm.String(length=100)
+    completed = orm.Boolean(default=False)
+
+print(Course.__pydantic_model__.__fields__)
+"""
+Will produce:
+{'completed': ModelField(name='completed', 
+                         type=bool, 
+                         required=False, 
+                         default=False),
+ 'id':        ModelField(name='id', 
+                         type=Optional[int], 
+                         required=False, 
+                         default=None),
+ 'name':      ModelField(name='name', 
+                         type=Optional[str], 
+                         required=False, 
+                         default=None)}
+"""

docs_src/models/docs004.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import databases
+import sqlalchemy
+
+import orm
+
+database = databases.Database("sqlite:///db.sqlite")
+metadata = sqlalchemy.MetaData()
+
+
+class Course(orm.Model):
+    __database__ = database
+    __metadata__ = metadata
+
+    id = orm.Integer(primary_key=True)
+    name = orm.String(length=100)
+    completed = orm.Boolean(default=False)
+
+print(Course.__table__.columns)
+"""
+Will produce:
+['courses.id', 'courses.name', 'courses.completed']
+"""

docs_src/models/docs005.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import databases
+import sqlalchemy
+
+import orm
+
+database = databases.Database("sqlite:///db.sqlite")
+metadata = sqlalchemy.MetaData()
+
+
+class Course(orm.Model):
+    __database__ = database
+    __metadata__ = metadata
+
+    id = orm.Integer(primary_key=True)
+    name = orm.String(length=100)
+    completed = orm.Boolean(default=False)
+
+print(Course.__model_fields__)
+"""
+Will produce:
+{
+'id':   {'name': 'id', 
+         'primary_key': True, 
+         'autoincrement': True, 
+         'nullable': False, 
+         'default': None, 
+         'server_default': None, 
+         'index': None, 
+         'unique': None, 
+         'pydantic_only': False}, 
+'name':  {'name': 'name', 
+          'primary_key': False, 
+          'autoincrement': False, 
+          'nullable': True, 
+          'default': None, 
+          'server_default': None, 
+          'index': None, 
+          'unique': None, 
+          'pydantic_only': False, 
+          'length': 100}, 
+'completed': {'name': 'completed', 
+              'primary_key': False, 
+              'autoincrement': False, 
+              'nullable': True, 
+              'default': False, 
+              'server_default': None, 
+              'index': None, 
+              'unique': None, 
+              'pydantic_only': False}
+}
+"""

docs_src/models/docs006.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import databases
+import sqlalchemy
+
+import orm
+
+database = databases.Database("sqlite:///db.sqlite")
+metadata = sqlalchemy.MetaData()
+
+
+class Department(orm.Model):
+    __database__ = database
+    __metadata__ = metadata
+
+    id = orm.Integer(primary_key=True)
+    name = orm.String(length=100)
+
+
+class Course(orm.Model):
+    __database__ = database
+    __metadata__ = metadata
+
+    id = orm.Integer(primary_key=True)
+    name = orm.String(length=100)
+    completed = orm.Boolean(default=False)
+    department = orm.ForeignKey(Department)
+
+
+department = Department(name="Science")
+course = Course(name="Math", completed=False, department=department)
+
+print('name' in course.__dict__)
+# False <- property name is not stored on Course instance
+print(course.name)
+# Math <- value returned from underlying pydantic model
+print('department' in course.__dict__)
+# False <- related model is not stored on Course instance
+print(course.department)
+# Department(id=None, name='Science') <- Department model
+# returned from RelationshipManager
+print(course.department.name)
+# Science

docs_src/models/docs007.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import databases
+import sqlalchemy
+
+import orm
+
+database = databases.Database("sqlite:///db.sqlite")
+metadata = sqlalchemy.MetaData()
+
+
+class Course(orm.Model):
+    __database__ = database
+    __metadata__ = metadata
+
+    id = orm.Integer(primary_key=True)
+    name = orm.String(length=100)
+    completed = orm.Boolean(default=False)
+
+
+course = Course(name="Painting for dummies", completed=False)
+await course.save()
+
+await Course.objects.create(name="Painting for dummies", completed=False)

mkdocs.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+site_name: Async ORM
+nav:
+  - Home: index.md
+  - Models: models.md
+  - Fields: fields.md
+  - Relations: relations.md
+  - Queries: queries.md
+  - Pydantic models: pydantic.md
+  - Use with Fastapi: fastapi.md
+theme:
+  name: material
+  highlightjs: true
+  hljs_languages:
+      - python
+  palette:
+    primary: indigo
+markdown_extensions:
+  - admonition
+  - pymdownx.superfences
+  - pymdownx.snippets:
+      base_path: docs
+  - pymdownx.inlinehilite
+  - pymdownx.highlight:
+      linenums: true
+extra_javascript:
+  - https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/10.1.1/highlight.min.js
+  - javascripts/config.js
+extra_css:
+  - https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/10.1.1/styles/default.min.css

orm/fields/base.py

@@ -11,18 +11,8 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma no cover
 class BaseField:
     __type__ = None
 
-    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
-        name = kwargs.pop("name", None)
-        args = list(args)
-        if args:
-            if isinstance(args[0], str):
-                if name is not None:
-                    raise ModelDefinitionError(
-                        "Column name cannot be passed positionally and as a keyword."
-                    )
-                name = args.pop(0)
-
-        self.name = name
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        self.name = None
         self._populate_from_kwargs(kwargs)
 
     def _populate_from_kwargs(self, kwargs: Dict) -> None:
@@ -64,7 +54,7 @@ class BaseField:
         return False
 
     def get_column(self, name: str = None) -> sqlalchemy.Column:
-        self.name = self.name or name
+        self.name = name
         constraints = self.get_constraints()
         return sqlalchemy.Column(
             self.name,
@@ -87,3 +77,6 @@ class BaseField:
 
     def expand_relationship(self, value: Any, child: "Model") -> Any:
         return value
+
+    def __repr__(self):  # pragma no cover
+        return str(self.__dict__)

orm/fields/decorators.py

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ class RequiredParams:
         old_init = model_field_class.__init__
         model_field_class._old_init = old_init
 
-        def __init__(instance: "BaseField", *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
-            super(instance.__class__, instance).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        def __init__(instance: "BaseField", **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+            super(instance.__class__, instance).__init__(**kwargs)
             for arg in self._required:
                 if arg not in kwargs:
                     raise ModelDefinitionError(

orm/models/metaclass.py

@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ def sqlalchemy_columns_from_model_fields(
     }
     for field_name, field in model_fields.items():
         if field.primary_key:
+            if pkname is not None:
+                raise ModelDefinitionError("Only one primary key column is allowed.")
             pkname = field_name
         if not field.pydantic_only:
             columns.append(field.get_column(field_name))
@@ -100,7 +102,8 @@ class ModelMetaclass(type):
         if attrs.get("__abstract__"):
             return new_model
 
-        tablename = attrs["__tablename__"]
+        tablename = attrs.get("__tablename__", name.lower() + "s")
+        attrs["__tablename__"] = tablename
         metadata = attrs["__metadata__"]
 
         # sqlalchemy table creation

orm/queryset/clause.py

@@ -144,7 +144,9 @@ class QueryClause:
     ) -> Tuple[str, bool]:
         has_escaped_character = False
 
-        if op in ["contains", "icontains"]:
+        if op not in ["contains", "icontains"]:
+            return value, has_escaped_character
+
         if isinstance(value, orm.Model):
             raise QueryDefinitionError(
                 "You cannot use contains and icontains with instance of the Model"

orm/queryset/query.py

@@ -52,8 +52,7 @@ class Query:
             if (
                 not self.model_cls.__model_fields__[key].nullable
                 and isinstance(
-                    self.model_cls.__model_fields__[key],
-                    orm.fields.foreign_key.ForeignKey,
+                    self.model_cls.__model_fields__[key], orm.fields.ForeignKey,
                 )
                 and key not in self._select_related
             ):

orm/relations.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import pprint
 import string
 import uuid
 from random import choices
-from typing import Dict, List, TYPE_CHECKING, Union
+from typing import List, TYPE_CHECKING, Union
 from weakref import proxy
 
 from orm import ForeignKey
@@ -15,38 +15,20 @@ def get_table_alias() -> str:
     return "".join(choices(string.ascii_uppercase, k=2)) + uuid.uuid4().hex[:4]
 
 
-def get_relation_config(
-    relation_type: str, table_name: str, field: ForeignKey
-) -> Dict[str, str]:
-    alias = get_table_alias()
-    config = {
-        "type": relation_type,
-        "table_alias": alias,
-        "source_table": table_name
-        if relation_type == "primary"
-        else field.to.__tablename__,
-        "target_table": field.to.__tablename__
-        if relation_type == "primary"
-        else table_name,
-    }
-    return config
-
-
 class RelationshipManager:
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self._relations = dict()
+        self._aliases = dict()
 
     def add_relation_type(
         self, relations_key: str, reverse_key: str, field: ForeignKey, table_name: str
     ) -> None:
         if relations_key not in self._relations:
-            self._relations[relations_key] = get_relation_config(
-                "primary", table_name, field
-            )
+            self._relations[relations_key] = {"type": "primary"}
+            self._aliases[f"{table_name}_{field.to.__tablename__}"] = get_table_alias()
         if reverse_key not in self._relations:
-            self._relations[reverse_key] = get_relation_config(
-                "reverse", table_name, field
-            )
+            self._relations[reverse_key] = {"type": "reverse"}
+            self._aliases[f"{field.to.__tablename__}_{table_name}"] = get_table_alias()
 
     def deregister(self, model: "FakePydantic") -> None:
         for rel_type in self._relations.keys():
@@ -57,10 +39,11 @@ class RelationshipManager:
     def add_relation(
         self, parent: "FakePydantic", child: "FakePydantic", virtual: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
-        parent_id = parent._orm_id
-        child_id = child._orm_id
-        parent_name = parent.get_name()
-        child_name = child.get_name()
+        parent_id, child_id = parent._orm_id, child._orm_id
+        parent_name, child_name = (
+            parent.get_name(title=True),
+            child.get_name(title=True),
+        )
         if virtual:
             child_name, parent_name = parent_name, child_name
             child_id, parent_id = parent_id, child_id
@@ -68,11 +51,11 @@ class RelationshipManager:
         else:
             child = proxy(child)
 
-        parent_relation_name = parent_name.lower().title() + "_" + child_name + "s"
+        parent_relation_name = parent_name + "_" + child_name.lower() + "s"
         parents_list = self._relations[parent_relation_name].setdefault(parent_id, [])
         self.append_related_model(parents_list, child)
 
-        child_relation_name = child_name.lower().title() + "_" + parent_name
+        child_relation_name = child_name + "_" + parent_name.lower()
         children_list = self._relations[child_relation_name].setdefault(child_id, [])
         self.append_related_model(children_list, parent)
 
@@ -102,13 +85,7 @@ class RelationshipManager:
                 return self._relations[relations_key][instance._orm_id]
 
     def resolve_relation_join(self, from_table: str, to_table: str) -> str:
-        for relation_name, relation in self._relations.items():
-            if (
-                relation["source_table"] == from_table
-                and relation["target_table"] == to_table
-            ):
-                return self._relations[relation_name]["table_alias"]
-        return ""
+        return self._aliases.get(f"{from_table}_{to_table}", "")
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:  # pragma no cover
         return pprint.pformat(self._relations, indent=4, width=1)

tests/test_model_definition.py

@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ fields_to_check = [
 class ExampleModel2(Model):
     __tablename__ = "example2"
     __metadata__ = metadata
-    test = fields.Integer(name="test12", primary_key=True)
-    test_string = fields.String("test_string2", length=250)
+    test = fields.Integer(primary_key=True)
+    test_string = fields.String(length=250)
 
 
 @pytest.fixture()
@@ -93,49 +93,44 @@ def test_sqlalchemy_table_is_created(example):
     assert all([field in example.__table__.columns for field in fields_to_check])
 
 
-def test_double_column_name_in_model_definition():
-    with pytest.raises(ModelDefinitionError):
-
-        class ExampleModel2(Model):
-            __tablename__ = "example3"
-            __metadata__ = metadata
-            test_string = fields.String("test_string2", name="test_string2", length=250)
-
-
 def test_no_pk_in_model_definition():
     with pytest.raises(ModelDefinitionError):
-
         class ExampleModel2(Model):
             __tablename__ = "example3"
             __metadata__ = metadata
-            test_string = fields.String(name="test_string2", length=250)
+            test_string = fields.String(length=250)
+
+def test_two_pks_in_model_definition():
+    with pytest.raises(ModelDefinitionError):
+        class ExampleModel2(Model):
+            __tablename__ = "example3"
+            __metadata__ = metadata
+            id = fields.Integer(primary_key=True)
+            test_string = fields.String(length=250, primary_key=True)
 
 
 def test_setting_pk_column_as_pydantic_only_in_model_definition():
     with pytest.raises(ModelDefinitionError):
-
         class ExampleModel2(Model):
             __tablename__ = "example4"
             __metadata__ = metadata
-            test = fields.Integer(name="test12", primary_key=True, pydantic_only=True)
+            test = fields.Integer(primary_key=True, pydantic_only=True)
 
 
 def test_decimal_error_in_model_definition():
     with pytest.raises(ModelDefinitionError):
-
         class ExampleModel2(Model):
             __tablename__ = "example4"
             __metadata__ = metadata
-            test = fields.Decimal(name="test12", primary_key=True)
+            test = fields.Decimal(primary_key=True)
 
 
 def test_string_error_in_model_definition():
     with pytest.raises(ModelDefinitionError):
-
         class ExampleModel2(Model):
             __tablename__ = "example4"
             __metadata__ = metadata
-            test = fields.String(name="test12", primary_key=True)
+            test = fields.String(primary_key=True)
 
 
 def test_json_conversion_in_model():