finish inheritance docs, remove original through model from metadta, add high level overview in api docs
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@ -13,4 +13,106 @@ Note that this is a technical part of the documentation intended for `ormar` con
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Ormar is still under development, and the **internals can change at any moment**.
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You shouldn't rely even on the "public" methods if they are not documented in the
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normal part of the docs.
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normal part of the docs.
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## High level overview
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Ormar is divided into packages for maintainability and ease of development.
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Below you can find a short description of the structure of the whole project and
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individual packages.
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### Models
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Contains the actual `ormar.Model` class, which is based on:
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* `ormar.NewBaseModel` which in turns:
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* inherits from `pydantic.BaseModel`,
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* uses `ormar.ModelMetaclass` for all heavy lifting, relations declaration,
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parsing `ormar` fields, creating `sqlalchemy` columns and tables etc.
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* There is a lot of tasks during class creation so `ormar` is using a lot of
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`helpers` methods separated by functionality: `pydantic`, `sqlachemy`,
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`relations` & `models` located in `helpers` submodule.
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* inherits from `ormar.ModelTableProxy` that combines `Mixins` providing a special
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additional behavior for `ormar.Models`
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* `AliasMixin` - handling of column aliases, which are names changed only in db
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* `ExcludableMixin` - handling excluding and including fields in dict() and database calls
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* `MergeModelMixin` - handling merging Models initialized from raw sql raws into Models that needs to be merged,
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in example parent models in join query that duplicates in raw response.
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* `PrefetchQueryMixin` - handling resolving relations and ids of models to extract during issuing
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subsequent queries in prefetch_related
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* `RelationMixin` - handling resolving relations names, related fields etc.
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* `SavePrepareMixin` - handling converting related models to their pk values, translating ormar field
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names into aliases etc.
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### Fields
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Contains `ormar.BaseField` that is a base for all fields.
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All basic types are declared in `model_fields`, while relation fields are located in:
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* `foreign_key`: `ForeignKey` relation, expanding relations meaning initializing nested models,
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creating dummy models with pk only that skips validation etc.
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* `many_to_many`: `ManyToMany` relation that do not have a lot of logic on its own.
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Related to fields is a `@property_field` decorator that is located in `decorators.property_field`.
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There is also a special UUID field declaration for `sqlalchemy` that is based on `CHAR` field type.
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### Query Set
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Package that handles almost all interactions with db (some small parts are in `ormar.Model` and in `ormar.QuerysetProxy`).
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Provides a `QuerySet` that is exposed on each Model as `objects` property.
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Have a vast number of methods to query, filter, create, update and delete database rows.
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* Actual construction of the queries is delegated to `Query` class
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* which in tern uses `SqlJoin` to construct joins
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* `Clause` to convert `filter` and `exclude` conditions into sql
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* `FilterQuery` to apply filter clauses on query
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* `OrderQuery` to apply order by clauses on query
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* `LimitQuery` to apply limit clause on query
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* `OffsetQuery` to apply offset clause on query
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* For prefetch_related the same is done by `PrefetchQuery`
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* Common helpers functions are extracted into `utils`
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### Relations
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Handles registering relations, adding/removing to relations as well as returning the
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actual related models instead of relation fields declared on Models.
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* Each `ormar.Model` has its own `RelationManager` registered under `_orm` property.
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* `RelationManager` handles `Relations` between two different models
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* In case of reverse relations or m2m relations the `RelationProxy` is used which
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is basically a list with some special methods that keeps a reference to a list of related models
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* Also, for reverse relations and m2m relations `QuerySetProxy` is exposed, that is
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used to query the already pre-filtered related models and handles Through models
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instances for m2m relations, while delegating actual queries to `QuerySet`
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* `AliasManager` handles registration of aliases for relations that are used in queries.
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In order to be able to link multiple times to the same table in one query each link
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has to have unique alias to properly identify columns and extract proper values.
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Kind of global registry, aliases are randomly generated, so might differ on each run.
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* Common helpers functions are extracted into `utils`
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### Signals
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Handles sending signals on particular events.
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* `SignalEmitter` is registered on each `ormar.Model`, that allows to register any number of
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receiver functions that will be notified on each event.
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* For now only combination of (pre, post) (save, update, delete) events are pre populated for user
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although it's easy to register user `Signal`s.
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* set of decorators is prepared, each corresponding to one of the builtin signals,
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that can be used to mark functions/methods that should become receivers, those decorators
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are located in `decorators.signals`.
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* You can register same function to different `ormar.Models` but each Model has it's own
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Emitter that is independednt and issued on events for given Model.
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* Currently, there is no way to register global `Signal` triggered for all models.
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### Exceptions
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Gathers all exceptions specific to `ormar`.
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All `ormar` exceptions inherit from `AsyncOrmException`.
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