add support for normal pydantic fields
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docs/fields/pydantic-fields.md
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docs/fields/pydantic-fields.md
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# Pydantic only fields
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Ormar allows you to declare normal `pydantic` fields in its model, so you have access to
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all basic and custom pydantic fields like `str`, `int`, `HttpUrl`, `PaymentCardNumber` etc.
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You can even declare fields leading to nested pydantic only Models, not only single fields.
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Since those fields are not stored in database (that's the whole point of those fields),
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you have to provide a meaningful value for them, either by setting a default one or
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providing one during model initialization.
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If `ormar` cannot resolve the value for pydantic field it will fail during loading data from the database,
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with missing required value for declared pydantic field.
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Options to provide a value are described below.
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Of course you can combine few or all of them in one model.
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## Optional field
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If you set a field as `Optional`, it defaults to `None` if not provided and that's
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exactly what's going to happen during loading from database.
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```python
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database = databases.Database(DATABASE_URL)
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metadata = sqlalchemy.MetaData()
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class BaseMeta(ormar.ModelMeta):
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metadata = metadata
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database = database
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class ModelTest(ormar.Model):
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class Meta(BaseMeta):
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pass
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id: int = ormar.Integer(primary_key=True)
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name: str = ormar.String(max_length=200)
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number: Optional[PaymentCardNumber]
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test = ModelTest(name="Test")
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assert test.name == "Test"
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assert test.number is None
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test.number = "123456789015"
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await test.save()
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test_check = await ModelTest.objects.get()
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assert test_check.name == "Test"
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# after load it's back to None
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assert test_check.number is None
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```
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## Field with default value
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By setting a default value, this value will be set on initialization and database load.
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Note that setting a default to `None` is the same as setting the field to `Optional`.
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```python
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database = databases.Database(DATABASE_URL)
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metadata = sqlalchemy.MetaData()
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class BaseMeta(ormar.ModelMeta):
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metadata = metadata
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database = database
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class ModelTest(ormar.Model):
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class Meta(BaseMeta):
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pass
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id: int = ormar.Integer(primary_key=True)
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name: str = ormar.String(max_length=200)
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url: HttpUrl = "https://www.example.com"
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test = ModelTest(name="Test")
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assert test.name == "Test"
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assert test.url == "https://www.example.com"
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test.url = "https://www.sdta.ada.pt"
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assert test.url == "https://www.sdta.ada.pt"
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await test.save()
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test_check = await ModelTest.objects.get()
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assert test_check.name == "Test"
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# after load it's back to default
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assert test_check.url == "https://www.example.com"
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```
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## Default factory function
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By setting a `default_factory` function, this result of the function call will be set
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on initialization and each database load.
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```python
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from pydantic import Field, PaymentCardNumber
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# ...
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database = databases.Database(DATABASE_URL)
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metadata = sqlalchemy.MetaData()
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class BaseMeta(ormar.ModelMeta):
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metadata = metadata
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database = database
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CARD_NUMBERS = [
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"123456789007",
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"123456789015",
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"123456789023",
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"123456789031",
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"123456789049",
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]
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def get_number():
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return random.choice(CARD_NUMBERS)
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class ModelTest2(ormar.Model):
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class Meta(BaseMeta):
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pass
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id: int = ormar.Integer(primary_key=True)
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name: str = ormar.String(max_length=200)
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# note that you do not call the function, just pass reference
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number: PaymentCardNumber = Field(default_factory=get_number)
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# note that you still CAN provide a value
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test = ModelTest2(name="Test2", number="4000000000000002")
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assert test.name == "Test2"
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assert test.number == "4000000000000002"
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await test.save()
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test_check = await ModelTest2.objects.get()
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assert test_check.name == "Test2"
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# after load value is set to be one of the CARD_NUMBERS
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assert test_check.number in CARD_NUMBERS
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assert test_check.number != test.number
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```
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## Custom setup in `__init__`
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You can provide a value for the field in your `__init__()` method before calling a `super()` init method.
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```python
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from pydantic import BaseModel
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# ...
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database = databases.Database(DATABASE_URL)
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metadata = sqlalchemy.MetaData()
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class BaseMeta(ormar.ModelMeta):
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metadata = metadata
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database = database
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class PydanticTest(BaseModel):
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aa: str
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bb: int
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class ModelTest3(ormar.Model):
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class Meta(BaseMeta):
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pass
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# provide your custom init function
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def __init__(self, **kwargs):
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# add value for required field without default value
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kwargs["pydantic_test"] = PydanticTest(aa="random", bb=42)
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# remember to call ormar.Model init!
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super().__init__(**kwargs)
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id: int = ormar.Integer(primary_key=True)
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name: str = ormar.String(max_length=200)
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pydantic_test: PydanticTest
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test = ModelTest3(name="Test3")
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assert test.name == "Test3"
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assert test.pydantic_test.bb == 42
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test.pydantic.aa = "new value"
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assert test.pydantic.aa == "new value"
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await test.save()
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test_check = await ModelTest3.objects.get()
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assert test_check.name == "Test3"
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# after load it's back to value provided in init
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assert test_check.pydantic_test.aa == "random"
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```
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!!!warning
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If you do not provide a value in one of the above ways `ValidationError` will be raised on load from database.
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