Merge pull request #44 from collerek/allow_dict_in_fields

Allow dict in fields, optimizations and cleanup

.gitignore

@@ -9,3 +9,4 @@ test.db
 dist
 /ormar.egg-info/
 site
+profile.py

README.md

@@ -163,8 +163,8 @@ assert len(tracks) == 1
 *  `offset(offset: int) -> QuerySet`
 *  `count() -> int`
 *  `exists() -> bool`
-*  `fields(columns: Union[List, str]) -> QuerySet`
-*  `exclude_fields(columns: Union[List, str]) -> QuerySet`
+*  `fields(columns: Union[List, str, set, dict]) -> QuerySet`
+*  `exclude_fields(columns: Union[List, str, set, dict]) -> QuerySet`
 *  `order_by(columns:Union[List, str]) -> QuerySet`
 
 #### Relation types

docs/index.md

@@ -163,8 +163,8 @@ assert len(tracks) == 1
 *  `offset(offset: int) -> QuerySet`
 *  `count() -> int`
 *  `exists() -> bool`
-*  `fields(columns: Union[List, str]) -> QuerySet`
-*  `exclude_fields(columns: Union[List, str]) -> QuerySet`
+*  `fields(columns: Union[List, str, set, dict]) -> QuerySet`
+*  `exclude_fields(columns: Union[List, str, set, dict]) -> QuerySet`
 *  `order_by(columns:Union[List, str]) -> QuerySet`
 
 

docs/queries.md

@@ -348,20 +348,73 @@ has_sample = await Book.objects.filter(title='Sample').exists()
 
 ### fields
 
-`fields(columns: Union[List, str]) -> QuerySet`
+`fields(columns: Union[List, str, set, dict]) -> QuerySet`
 
 With `fields()` you can select subset of model columns to limit the data load.
 
-```python hl_lines="47 59 60 66"
+Given a sample data like following:
+
+```python
 --8<-- "../docs_src/queries/docs006.py"
 ```
 
+You can select specified fields by passing a `str, List[str], Set[str] or dict` with nested definition.
+
+To include related models use notation `{related_name}__{column}[__{optional_next} etc.]`.
+
+```python hl_lines="1"
+all_cars = await Car.objects.select_related('manufacturer').fields(['id', 'name', 'manufacturer__name']).all()
+for car in all_cars:
+    # excluded columns will yield None
+    assert all(getattr(car, x) is None for x in ['year', 'gearbox_type', 'gears', 'aircon_type'])
+    # included column on related models will be available, pk column is always included
+    # even if you do not include it in fields list
+    assert car.manufacturer.name == 'Toyota'
+    # also in the nested related models - you cannot exclude pk - it's always auto added
+    assert car.manufacturer.founded is None
+```
+
+`fields()` can be called several times, building up the columns to select.
+
+If you include related models into `select_related()` call but you won't specify columns for those models in fields 
+- implies a list of all fields for those nested models.
+
+```python hl_lines="1"
+all_cars = await Car.objects.select_related('manufacturer').fields('id').fields(
+    ['name']).all()
+# all fiels from company model are selected
+assert all_cars[0].manufacturer.name == 'Toyota'
+assert all_cars[0].manufacturer.founded == 1937
+```
+
 !!!warning
     Mandatory fields cannot be excluded as it will raise `ValidationError`, to exclude a field it has to be nullable.
 
+You cannot exclude mandatory model columns - `manufacturer__name` in this example.
+
+```python
+await Car.objects.select_related('manufacturer').fields(['id', 'name', 'manufacturer__founded']).all()
+# will raise pydantic ValidationError as company.name is required
+```
+
 !!!tip
     Pk column cannot be excluded - it's always auto added even if not explicitly included.
 
+You can also pass fields to include as dictionary or set.
+
+To mark a field as included in a dictionary use it's name as key and ellipsis as value.
+
+To traverse nested models use nested dictionaries.
+
+To include fields at last level instead of nested dictionary a set can be used.
+
+To include whole nested model specify model related field name and ellipsis.
+
+Below you can see examples that are equivalent:
+
+```python
+--8<-- "../docs_src/queries/docs009.py"
+```
 
 !!!note
     All methods that do not return the rows explicitly returns a QueySet instance so you can chain them together
@@ -372,11 +425,15 @@ With `fields()` you can select subset of model columns to limit the data load.
 
 ### exclude_fields
 
-`fields(columns: Union[List, str]) -> QuerySet`
+`exclude_fields(columns: Union[List, str, set, dict]) -> QuerySet`
 
 With `exclude_fields()` you can select subset of model columns that will be excluded to limit the data load.
 
-It's the oposite of `fields()` method.
+It's the opposite of `fields()` method so check documentation above to see what options are available.
+
+Especially check above how you can pass also nested dictionaries and sets as a mask to exclude fields from whole hierarchy.
+
+Below you can find few simple examples:
 
 ```python hl_lines="47 48 60 61 67"
 --8<-- "../docs_src/queries/docs008.py"

docs_src/queries/docs006.py

@@ -43,25 +43,3 @@ await Car.objects.create(manufacturer=toyota, name="Yaris", year=2019, gearbox_t
 await Car.objects.create(manufacturer=toyota, name="Supreme", year=2020, gearbox_type='Auto', gears=6,
                          aircon_type='Auto')
 
-# select manufacturer but only name - to include related models use notation {model_name}__{column}
-all_cars = await Car.objects.select_related('manufacturer').fields(['id', 'name', 'company__name']).all()
-for car in all_cars:
-    # excluded columns will yield None
-    assert all(getattr(car, x) is None for x in ['year', 'gearbox_type', 'gears', 'aircon_type'])
-    # included column on related models will be available, pk column is always included
-    # even if you do not include it in fields list
-    assert car.manufacturer.name == 'Toyota'
-    # also in the nested related models - you cannot exclude pk - it's always auto added
-    assert car.manufacturer.founded is None
-
-# fields() can be called several times, building up the columns to select
-# models selected in select_related but with no columns in fields list implies all fields
-all_cars = await Car.objects.select_related('manufacturer').fields('id').fields(
-    ['name']).all()
-# all fiels from company model are selected
-assert all_cars[0].manufacturer.name == 'Toyota'
-assert all_cars[0].manufacturer.founded == 1937
-
-# cannot exclude mandatory model columns - company__name in this example
-await Car.objects.select_related('manufacturer').fields(['id', 'name', 'company__founded']).all()
-# will raise pydantic ValidationError as company.name is required

docs_src/queries/docs008.py

@@ -63,6 +63,6 @@ all_cars = await Car.objects.select_related('manufacturer').exclude_fields('year
 assert all_cars[0].manufacturer.name == 'Toyota'
 assert all_cars[0].manufacturer.founded == 1937
 
-# cannot exclude mandatory model columns - company__name in this example
-await Car.objects.select_related('manufacturer').exclude_fields(['company__name']).all()
+# cannot exclude mandatory model columns - company__name in this example - note usage of dict/set this time
+await Car.objects.select_related('manufacturer').exclude_fields([{'company': {'name'}}]).all()
 # will raise pydantic ValidationError as company.name is required

docs_src/queries/docs009.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# 1. like in example above
+await Car.objects.select_related('manufacturer').fields(['id', 'name', 'manufacturer__name']).all()
+
+# 2. to mark a field as required use ellipsis
+await Car.objects.select_related('manufacturer').fields({'id': ...,
+                                                         'name': ...,
+                                                         'manufacturer': {
+                                                             'name': ...}
+                                                         }).all()
+
+# 3. to include whole nested model use ellipsis
+await Car.objects.select_related('manufacturer').fields({'id': ...,
+                                                         'name': ...,
+                                                         'manufacturer': ...
+                                                         }).all()
+
+# 4. to specify fields at last nesting level you can also use set - equivalent to 2. above
+await Car.objects.select_related('manufacturer').fields({'id': ...,
+                                                         'name': ...,
+                                                         'manufacturer': {'name'}
+                                                         }).all()
+
+# 5. of course set can have multiple fields
+await Car.objects.select_related('manufacturer').fields({'id': ...,
+                                                         'name': ...,
+                                                         'manufacturer': {'name', 'founded'}
+                                                         }).all()
+
+# 6. you can include all nested fields but it will be equivalent of 3. above which is shorter
+await Car.objects.select_related('manufacturer').fields({'id': ...,
+                                                         'name': ...,
+                                                         'manufacturer': {'id', 'name', 'founded'}
+                                                         }).all()

ormar/fields/base.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import sqlalchemy
 from pydantic import Field, typing
 from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
 
+import ormar  # noqa I101
 from ormar import ModelDefinitionError  # noqa I101
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma no cover
@@ -34,6 +35,10 @@ class BaseField(FieldInfo):
     default: Any
     server_default: Any
 
+    @classmethod
+    def is_valid_uni_relation(cls) -> bool:
+        return not issubclass(cls, ormar.fields.ManyToManyField) and not cls.virtual
+
     @classmethod
     def get_alias(cls) -> str:
         return cls.alias if cls.alias else cls.name

ormar/models/excludable.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+from typing import Dict, Set, Union
+
+
+class Excludable:
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_excluded(
+        exclude: Union[Set, Dict, None], key: str = None
+    ) -> Union[Set, Dict, None]:
+        if isinstance(exclude, dict):
+            return exclude.get(key, {})
+        return exclude
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_included(
+        include: Union[Set, Dict, None], key: str = None
+    ) -> Union[Set, Dict, None]:
+        return Excludable.get_excluded(exclude=include, key=key)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_excluded(exclude: Union[Set, Dict, None], key: str = None) -> bool:
+        if exclude is None:
+            return False
+        if exclude is Ellipsis:  # pragma: nocover
+            return True
+        to_exclude = Excludable.get_excluded(exclude=exclude, key=key)
+        if isinstance(to_exclude, Set):
+            return key in to_exclude
+        elif to_exclude is ...:
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_included(include: Union[Set, Dict, None], key: str = None) -> bool:
+        if include is None:
+            return True
+        if include is Ellipsis:
+            return True
+        to_include = Excludable.get_included(include=include, key=key)
+        if isinstance(to_include, Set):
+            return key in to_include
+        elif to_include is ...:
+            return True
+        return False

ormar/models/model.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import itertools
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Type, TypeVar
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Set, TYPE_CHECKING, Type, TypeVar, Union
 
 import sqlalchemy
 
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ class Model(NewBaseModel):
         select_related: List = None,
         related_models: Any = None,
         previous_table: str = None,
-        fields: List = None,
-        exclude_fields: List = None,
+        fields: Optional[Union[Dict, Set]] = None,
+        exclude_fields: Optional[Union[Dict, Set]] = None,
     ) -> Optional[T]:
 
         item: Dict[str, Any] = {}
@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@ class Model(NewBaseModel):
             table_prefix=table_prefix,
             fields=fields,
             exclude_fields=exclude_fields,
-            nested=table_prefix != "",
         )
 
         instance: Optional[T] = cls(**item) if item.get(
@@ -103,13 +102,17 @@ class Model(NewBaseModel):
         row: sqlalchemy.engine.ResultProxy,
         related_models: Any,
         previous_table: sqlalchemy.Table,
-        fields: List = None,
-        exclude_fields: List = None,
+        fields: Optional[Union[Dict, Set]] = None,
+        exclude_fields: Optional[Union[Dict, Set]] = None,
     ) -> dict:
         for related in related_models:
             if isinstance(related_models, dict) and related_models[related]:
                 first_part, remainder = related, related_models[related]
                 model_cls = cls.Meta.model_fields[first_part].to
+
+                fields = cls.get_included(fields, first_part)
+                exclude_fields = cls.get_excluded(exclude_fields, first_part)
+
                 child = model_cls.from_row(
                     row,
                     related_models=remainder,
@@ -120,6 +123,8 @@ class Model(NewBaseModel):
                 item[model_cls.get_column_name_from_alias(first_part)] = child
             else:
                 model_cls = cls.Meta.model_fields[related].to
+                fields = cls.get_included(fields, related)
+                exclude_fields = cls.get_excluded(exclude_fields, related)
                 child = model_cls.from_row(
                     row,
                     previous_table=previous_table,
@@ -136,16 +141,18 @@ class Model(NewBaseModel):
         item: dict,
         row: sqlalchemy.engine.result.ResultProxy,
         table_prefix: str,
-        fields: List = None,
-        exclude_fields: List = None,
-        nested: bool = False,
+        fields: Optional[Union[Dict, Set]] = None,
+        exclude_fields: Optional[Union[Dict, Set]] = None,
     ) -> dict:
 
         # databases does not keep aliases in Record for postgres, change to raw row
         source = row._row if cls.db_backend_name() == "postgresql" else row
 
         selected_columns = cls.own_table_columns(
-            cls, fields or [], exclude_fields or [], nested=nested, use_alias=True
+            model=cls,
+            fields=fields or {},
+            exclude_fields=exclude_fields or {},
+            use_alias=False,
         )
 
         for column in cls.Meta.table.columns:

ormar/models/modelproxy.py

@@ -1,12 +1,28 @@
 import inspect
 from collections import OrderedDict
-from typing import Dict, List, Sequence, Set, TYPE_CHECKING, Type, TypeVar, Union
+from typing import (
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
 
-import ormar
 from ormar.exceptions import RelationshipInstanceError
-from ormar.fields import BaseField, ManyToManyField
+
+try:
+    import orjson as json
+except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+    import json  # type: ignore
+
+import ormar  # noqa:  I100
+from ormar.fields import BaseField
 from ormar.fields.foreign_key import ForeignKeyField
-from ormar.models.metaclass import ModelMeta, expand_reverse_relationships
+from ormar.models.metaclass import ModelMeta
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma no cover
     from ormar import Model
@@ -20,6 +36,8 @@ Field = TypeVar("Field", bound=BaseField)
 class ModelTableProxy:
     if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma no cover
         Meta: ModelMeta
+        _related_names: Set
+        _related_names_hash: Union[str, bytes]
 
     def dict(self):  # noqa A003
         raise NotImplementedError  # pragma no cover
@@ -65,50 +83,50 @@ class ModelTableProxy:
     @classmethod
     def get_column_alias(cls, field_name: str) -> str:
         field = cls.Meta.model_fields.get(field_name)
-        if field and field.alias is not None:
+        if field is not None and field.alias is not None:
             return field.alias
         return field_name
 
     @classmethod
     def get_column_name_from_alias(cls, alias: str) -> str:
         for field_name, field in cls.Meta.model_fields.items():
-            if field and field.alias == alias:
+            if field is not None and field.alias == alias:
                 return field_name
         return alias  # if not found it's not an alias but actual name
 
     @classmethod
     def extract_related_names(cls) -> Set:
+
+        if isinstance(cls._related_names_hash, (str, bytes)):
+            return cls._related_names
+
         related_names = set()
         for name, field in cls.Meta.model_fields.items():
             if inspect.isclass(field) and issubclass(field, ForeignKeyField):
                 related_names.add(name)
+        cls._related_names_hash = json.dumps(list(cls.Meta.model_fields.keys()))
+        cls._related_names = related_names
+
         return related_names
 
     @classmethod
     def _extract_db_related_names(cls) -> Set:
-        related_names = set()
-        for name, field in cls.Meta.model_fields.items():
-            if (
-                inspect.isclass(field)
-                and issubclass(field, ForeignKeyField)
-                and not issubclass(field, ManyToManyField)
-                and not field.virtual
-            ):
-                related_names.add(name)
+        related_names = cls.extract_related_names()
+        related_names = {
+            name
+            for name in related_names
+            if cls.Meta.model_fields[name].is_valid_uni_relation()
+        }
         return related_names
 
     @classmethod
     def _exclude_related_names_not_required(cls, nested: bool = False) -> Set:
         if nested:
             return cls.extract_related_names()
-        related_names = set()
-        for name, field in cls.Meta.model_fields.items():
-            if (
-                inspect.isclass(field)
-                and issubclass(field, ForeignKeyField)
-                and field.nullable
-            ):
-                related_names.add(name)
+        related_names = cls.extract_related_names()
+        related_names = {
+            name for name in related_names if cls.Meta.model_fields[name].nullable
+        }
         return related_names
 
     def _extract_model_db_fields(self) -> Dict:
@@ -128,7 +146,6 @@ class ModelTableProxy:
     def resolve_relation_name(  # noqa CCR001
         item: Union["NewBaseModel", Type["NewBaseModel"]],
         related: Union["NewBaseModel", Type["NewBaseModel"]],
-        register_missing: bool = True,
     ) -> str:
         for name, field in item.Meta.model_fields.items():
             if issubclass(field, ForeignKeyField):
@@ -137,12 +154,6 @@ class ModelTableProxy:
                 # so we need to compare Meta too as this one is copied as is
                 if field.to == related.__class__ or field.to.Meta == related.Meta:
                     return name
-        # fallback for not registered relation
-        if register_missing:  # pragma nocover
-            expand_reverse_relationships(related.__class__)  # type: ignore
-            return ModelTableProxy.resolve_relation_name(
-                item, related, register_missing=False
-            )
 
         raise ValueError(
             f"No relation between {item.get_name()} and {related.get_name()}"
@@ -151,7 +162,7 @@ class ModelTableProxy:
     @staticmethod
     def resolve_relation_field(
         item: Union["Model", Type["Model"]], related: Union["Model", Type["Model"]]
-    ) -> Union[Type[BaseField], Type[ForeignKeyField]]:
+    ) -> Type[BaseField]:
         name = ModelTableProxy.resolve_relation_name(item, related)
         to_field = item.Meta.model_fields.get(name)
         if not to_field:  # pragma no cover
@@ -211,59 +222,13 @@ class ModelTableProxy:
                 )
         return other
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _get_not_nested_columns_from_fields(
-        model: Type["Model"],
-        fields: List,
-        exclude_fields: List,
-        column_names: List[str],
-        use_alias: bool = False,
-    ) -> List[str]:
-        fields = [model.get_column_alias(k) if not use_alias else k for k in fields]
-        fields = fields or column_names
-        exclude_fields = [
-            model.get_column_alias(k) if not use_alias else k for k in exclude_fields
-        ]
-        columns = [
-            name
-            for name in fields
-            if "__" not in name and name in column_names and name not in exclude_fields
-        ]
-        return columns
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _get_nested_columns_from_fields(
-        model: Type["Model"],
-        fields: List,
-        exclude_fields: List,
-        column_names: List[str],
-        use_alias: bool = False,
-    ) -> List[str]:
-        model_name = f"{model.get_name()}__"
-        columns = [
-            name[(name.find(model_name) + len(model_name)) :]  # noqa: E203
-            for name in fields
-            if f"{model.get_name()}__" in name
-        ]
-        columns = columns or column_names
-        exclude_columns = [
-            name[(name.find(model_name) + len(model_name)) :]  # noqa: E203
-            for name in exclude_fields
-            if f"{model.get_name()}__" in name
-        ]
-        columns = [model.get_column_alias(k) if not use_alias else k for k in columns]
-        exclude_columns = [
-            model.get_column_alias(k) if not use_alias else k for k in exclude_columns
-        ]
-        return [column for column in columns if column not in exclude_columns]
-
     @staticmethod
     def _populate_pk_column(
         model: Type["Model"], columns: List[str], use_alias: bool = False,
     ) -> List[str]:
         pk_alias = (
             model.get_column_alias(model.Meta.pkname)
-            if not use_alias
+            if use_alias
             else model.Meta.pkname
         )
         if pk_alias not in columns:
@@ -273,34 +238,30 @@ class ModelTableProxy:
     @staticmethod
     def own_table_columns(
         model: Type["Model"],
-        fields: List,
-        exclude_fields: List,
-        nested: bool = False,
+        fields: Optional[Union[Set, Dict]],
+        exclude_fields: Optional[Union[Set, Dict]],
         use_alias: bool = False,
     ) -> List[str]:
-        column_names = [
-            model.get_column_name_from_alias(col.name) if use_alias else col.name
+        columns = [
+            model.get_column_name_from_alias(col.name) if not use_alias else col.name
             for col in model.Meta.table.columns
         ]
-        if not fields and not exclude_fields:
-            return column_names
-
-        if not nested:
-            columns = ModelTableProxy._get_not_nested_columns_from_fields(
-                model=model,
-                fields=fields,
-                exclude_fields=exclude_fields,
-                column_names=column_names,
-                use_alias=use_alias,
-            )
-        else:
-            columns = ModelTableProxy._get_nested_columns_from_fields(
-                model=model,
-                fields=fields,
-                exclude_fields=exclude_fields,
-                column_names=column_names,
-                use_alias=use_alias,
-            )
+        field_names = [
+            model.get_column_name_from_alias(col.name)
+            for col in model.Meta.table.columns
+        ]
+        if fields:
+            columns = [
+                col
+                for col, name in zip(columns, field_names)
+                if model.is_included(fields, name)
+            ]
+        if exclude_fields:
+            columns = [
+                col
+                for col, name in zip(columns, field_names)
+                if not model.is_excluded(exclude_fields, name)
+            ]
 
         # always has to return pk column
         columns = ModelTableProxy._populate_pk_column(

ormar/models/newbasemodel.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from typing import (
     Mapping,
     Optional,
     Sequence,
+    Set,
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Type,
     TypeVar,
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel
 import ormar  # noqa I100
 from ormar.fields import BaseField
 from ormar.fields.foreign_key import ForeignKeyField
+from ormar.models.excludable import Excludable
 from ormar.models.metaclass import ModelMeta, ModelMetaclass
 from ormar.models.modelproxy import ModelTableProxy
 from ormar.relations.alias_manager import AliasManager
@@ -39,8 +41,17 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma no cover
     MappingIntStrAny = Mapping[IntStr, Any]
 
 
-class NewBaseModel(pydantic.BaseModel, ModelTableProxy, metaclass=ModelMetaclass):
-    __slots__ = ("_orm_id", "_orm_saved", "_orm")
+class NewBaseModel(
+    pydantic.BaseModel, ModelTableProxy, Excludable, metaclass=ModelMetaclass
+):
+    __slots__ = (
+        "_orm_id",
+        "_orm_saved",
+        "_orm",
+        "_related_names",
+        "_related_names_hash",
+        "_props",
+    )
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma no cover
         __model_fields__: Dict[str, Type[BaseField]]
@@ -53,6 +64,10 @@ class NewBaseModel(pydantic.BaseModel, ModelTableProxy, metaclass=ModelMetaclass
         __database__: databases.Database
         _orm_relationship_manager: AliasManager
         _orm: RelationsManager
+        _orm_saved: bool
+        _related_names: Set
+        _related_names_hash: str
+        _props: List[str]
         Meta: ModelMeta
 
     # noinspection PyMissingConstructor
@@ -104,7 +119,7 @@ class NewBaseModel(pydantic.BaseModel, ModelTableProxy, metaclass=ModelMetaclass
             )
 
     def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: Any) -> None:  # noqa CCR001
-        if name in ("_orm_id", "_orm_saved", "_orm"):
+        if name in ("_orm_id", "_orm_saved", "_orm", "_related_names", "_props"):
             object.__setattr__(self, name, value)
         elif name == "pk":
             object.__setattr__(self, self.Meta.pkname, value)
@@ -123,12 +138,19 @@ class NewBaseModel(pydantic.BaseModel, ModelTableProxy, metaclass=ModelMetaclass
             super().__setattr__(name, value)
 
     def __getattribute__(self, item: str) -> Any:
-        if item in ("_orm_id", "_orm_saved", "_orm", "__fields__"):
+        if item in (
+            "_orm_id",
+            "_orm_saved",
+            "_orm",
+            "__fields__",
+            "_related_names",
+            "_props",
+        ):
             return object.__getattribute__(self, item)
-        if item != "extract_related_names" and item in self.extract_related_names():
-            return self._extract_related_model_instead_of_field(item)
         if item == "pk":
             return self.__dict__.get(self.Meta.pkname, None)
+        if item != "extract_related_names" and item in self.extract_related_names():
+            return self._extract_related_model_instead_of_field(item)
         if item != "__fields__" and item in self.__fields__:
             value = self.__dict__.get(item, None)
             value = self._convert_json(item, value, "loads")
@@ -183,12 +205,16 @@ class NewBaseModel(pydantic.BaseModel, ModelTableProxy, metaclass=ModelMetaclass
         include: Union["AbstractSetIntStr", "MappingIntStrAny"] = None,
         exclude: Union["AbstractSetIntStr", "MappingIntStrAny"] = None,
     ) -> List[str]:
-        props = [
-            prop
-            for prop in dir(cls)
-            if isinstance(getattr(cls, prop), property)
-            and prop not in ("__values__", "__fields__", "fields", "pk_column")
-        ]
+        if isinstance(cls._props, list):
+            props = cls._props
+        else:
+            props = [
+                prop
+                for prop in dir(cls)
+                if isinstance(getattr(cls, prop), property)
+                and prop not in ("__values__", "__fields__", "fields", "pk_column")
+            ]
+            cls._props = props
         if include:
             props = [prop for prop in props if prop in include]
         if exclude:

ormar/queryset/join.py

@@ -1,5 +1,15 @@
 from collections import OrderedDict
-from typing import List, NamedTuple, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple, Type
+from typing import (
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Set,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
 
 import sqlalchemy
 from sqlalchemy import text
@@ -24,8 +34,8 @@ class SqlJoin:
         used_aliases: List,
         select_from: sqlalchemy.sql.select,
         columns: List[sqlalchemy.Column],
-        fields: List,
-        exclude_fields: List,
+        fields: Optional[Union[Set, Dict]],
+        exclude_fields: Optional[Union[Set, Dict]],
         order_columns: Optional[List],
         sorted_orders: OrderedDict,
     ) -> None:
@@ -49,21 +59,60 @@ class SqlJoin:
         right_part = f"{previous_alias + '_' if previous_alias else ''}{from_clause}"
         return text(f"{left_part}={right_part}")
 
-    def build_join(
+    @staticmethod
+    def update_inclusions(
+        model_cls: Type["Model"],
+        fields: Optional[Union[Set, Dict]],
+        exclude_fields: Optional[Union[Set, Dict]],
+        nested_name: str,
+    ) -> Tuple[Optional[Union[Dict, Set]], Optional[Union[Dict, Set]]]:
+        fields = model_cls.get_included(fields, nested_name)
+        exclude_fields = model_cls.get_excluded(exclude_fields, nested_name)
+        return fields, exclude_fields
+
+    def build_join(  # noqa:  CCR001
         self, item: str, join_parameters: JoinParameters
     ) -> Tuple[List, sqlalchemy.sql.select, List, OrderedDict]:
-        for part in item.split("__"):
+
+        fields = self.fields
+        exclude_fields = self.exclude_fields
+
+        for index, part in enumerate(item.split("__")):
             if issubclass(
                 join_parameters.model_cls.Meta.model_fields[part], ManyToManyField
             ):
                 _fields = join_parameters.model_cls.Meta.model_fields
                 new_part = _fields[part].to.get_name()
                 self._switch_many_to_many_order_columns(part, new_part)
+                if index > 0:  # nested joins
+                    fields, exclude_fields = SqlJoin.update_inclusions(
+                        model_cls=join_parameters.model_cls,
+                        fields=fields,
+                        exclude_fields=exclude_fields,
+                        nested_name=part,
+                    )
+
                 join_parameters = self._build_join_parameters(
-                    part, join_parameters, is_multi=True
+                    part=part,
+                    join_params=join_parameters,
+                    is_multi=True,
+                    fields=fields,
+                    exclude_fields=exclude_fields,
                 )
                 part = new_part
-            join_parameters = self._build_join_parameters(part, join_parameters)
+            if index > 0:  # nested joins
+                fields, exclude_fields = SqlJoin.update_inclusions(
+                    model_cls=join_parameters.model_cls,
+                    fields=fields,
+                    exclude_fields=exclude_fields,
+                    nested_name=part,
+                )
+            join_parameters = self._build_join_parameters(
+                part=part,
+                join_params=join_parameters,
+                fields=fields,
+                exclude_fields=exclude_fields,
+            )
 
         return (
             self.used_aliases,
@@ -73,7 +122,12 @@ class SqlJoin:
         )
 
     def _build_join_parameters(
-        self, part: str, join_params: JoinParameters, is_multi: bool = False
+        self,
+        part: str,
+        join_params: JoinParameters,
+        fields: Optional[Union[Set, Dict]],
+        exclude_fields: Optional[Union[Set, Dict]],
+        is_multi: bool = False,
     ) -> JoinParameters:
         if is_multi:
             model_cls = join_params.model_cls.Meta.model_fields[part].through
@@ -85,20 +139,30 @@ class SqlJoin:
             join_params.from_table, to_table
         )
         if alias not in self.used_aliases:
-            self._process_join(join_params, is_multi, model_cls, part, alias)
+            self._process_join(
+                join_params=join_params,
+                is_multi=is_multi,
+                model_cls=model_cls,
+                part=part,
+                alias=alias,
+                fields=fields,
+                exclude_fields=exclude_fields,
+            )
 
         previous_alias = alias
         from_table = to_table
         prev_model = model_cls
         return JoinParameters(prev_model, previous_alias, from_table, model_cls)
 
-    def _process_join(
+    def _process_join(  # noqa: CFQ002
         self,
         join_params: JoinParameters,
         is_multi: bool,
         model_cls: Type["Model"],
         part: str,
         alias: str,
+        fields: Optional[Union[Set, Dict]],
+        exclude_fields: Optional[Union[Set, Dict]],
     ) -> None:
         to_table = model_cls.Meta.table.name
         to_key, from_key = self.get_to_and_from_keys(
@@ -129,7 +193,10 @@ class SqlJoin:
             )
 
         self_related_fields = model_cls.own_table_columns(
-            model_cls, self.fields, self.exclude_fields, nested=True,
+            model=model_cls,
+            fields=fields,
+            exclude_fields=exclude_fields,
+            use_alias=True,
         )
         self.columns.extend(
             self.relation_manager(model_cls).prefixed_columns(

ormar/queryset/query.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+import copy
 from collections import OrderedDict
-from typing import List, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple, Type
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Set, TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple, Type, Union
 
 import sqlalchemy
 from sqlalchemy import text
@@ -21,8 +22,8 @@ class Query:
         select_related: List,
         limit_count: Optional[int],
         offset: Optional[int],
-        fields: Optional[List],
-        exclude_fields: Optional[List],
+        fields: Optional[Union[Dict, Set]],
+        exclude_fields: Optional[Union[Dict, Set]],
         order_bys: Optional[List],
     ) -> None:
         self.query_offset = offset
@@ -30,8 +31,8 @@ class Query:
         self._select_related = select_related[:]
         self.filter_clauses = filter_clauses[:]
         self.exclude_clauses = exclude_clauses[:]
-        self.fields = fields[:] if fields else []
-        self.exclude_fields = exclude_fields[:] if exclude_fields else []
+        self.fields = copy.deepcopy(fields) if fields else {}
+        self.exclude_fields = copy.deepcopy(exclude_fields) if exclude_fields else {}
 
         self.model_cls = model_cls
         self.table = self.model_cls.Meta.table
@@ -73,7 +74,10 @@ class Query:
 
     def build_select_expression(self) -> Tuple[sqlalchemy.sql.select, List[str]]:
         self_related_fields = self.model_cls.own_table_columns(
-            self.model_cls, self.fields, self.exclude_fields
+            model=self.model_cls,
+            fields=self.fields,
+            exclude_fields=self.exclude_fields,
+            use_alias=True,
         )
         self.columns = self.model_cls.Meta.alias_manager.prefixed_columns(
             "", self.table, self_related_fields
@@ -87,13 +91,14 @@ class Query:
             join_parameters = JoinParameters(
                 self.model_cls, "", self.table.name, self.model_cls
             )
-
+            fields = self.model_cls.get_included(self.fields, item)
+            exclude_fields = self.model_cls.get_excluded(self.exclude_fields, item)
             sql_join = SqlJoin(
                 used_aliases=self.used_aliases,
                 select_from=self.select_from,
                 columns=self.columns,
-                fields=self.fields,
-                exclude_fields=self.exclude_fields,
+                fields=fields,
+                exclude_fields=exclude_fields,
                 order_columns=self.order_columns,
                 sorted_orders=self.sorted_orders,
             )
@@ -131,5 +136,5 @@ class Query:
         self.select_from = []
         self.columns = []
         self.used_aliases = []
-        self.fields = []
-        self.exclude_fields = []
+        self.fields = {}
+        self.exclude_fields = {}

ormar/queryset/queryset.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, List, Optional, Sequence, TYPE_CHECKING, Type, Union
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Set, TYPE_CHECKING, Type, Union
 
 import databases
 import sqlalchemy
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from ormar.exceptions import QueryDefinitionError
 from ormar.queryset import FilterQuery
 from ormar.queryset.clause import QueryClause
 from ormar.queryset.query import Query
+from ormar.queryset.utils import update, update_dict_from_list
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma no cover
     from ormar import Model
@@ -26,8 +27,8 @@ class QuerySet:
         select_related: List = None,
         limit_count: int = None,
         offset: int = None,
-        columns: List = None,
-        exclude_columns: List = None,
+        columns: Dict = None,
+        exclude_columns: Dict = None,
         order_bys: List = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.model_cls = model_cls
@@ -36,8 +37,8 @@ class QuerySet:
         self._select_related = [] if select_related is None else select_related
         self.limit_count = limit_count
         self.query_offset = offset
-        self._columns = columns or []
-        self._exclude_columns = exclude_columns or []
+        self._columns = columns or {}
+        self._exclude_columns = exclude_columns or {}
         self.order_bys = order_bys or []
 
     def __get__(
@@ -169,11 +170,16 @@ class QuerySet:
             order_bys=self.order_bys,
         )
 
-    def exclude_fields(self, columns: Union[List, str]) -> "QuerySet":
-        if not isinstance(columns, list):
+    def exclude_fields(self, columns: Union[List, str, Set, Dict]) -> "QuerySet":
+        if isinstance(columns, str):
             columns = [columns]
 
-        columns = list(set(list(self._exclude_columns) + columns))
+        current_excluded = self._exclude_columns
+        if not isinstance(columns, dict):
+            current_excluded = update_dict_from_list(current_excluded, columns)
+        else:
+            current_excluded = update(current_excluded, columns)
+
         return self.__class__(
             model_cls=self.model,
             filter_clauses=self.filter_clauses,
@@ -182,15 +188,20 @@ class QuerySet:
             limit_count=self.limit_count,
             offset=self.query_offset,
             columns=self._columns,
-            exclude_columns=columns,
+            exclude_columns=current_excluded,
             order_bys=self.order_bys,
         )
 
-    def fields(self, columns: Union[List, str]) -> "QuerySet":
-        if not isinstance(columns, list):
+    def fields(self, columns: Union[List, str, Set, Dict]) -> "QuerySet":
+        if isinstance(columns, str):
             columns = [columns]
 
-        columns = list(set(list(self._columns) + columns))
+        current_included = self._columns
+        if not isinstance(columns, dict):
+            current_included = update_dict_from_list(current_included, columns)
+        else:
+            current_included = update(current_included, columns)
+
         return self.__class__(
             model_cls=self.model,
             filter_clauses=self.filter_clauses,
@@ -198,7 +209,7 @@ class QuerySet:
             select_related=self._select_related,
             limit_count=self.limit_count,
             offset=self.query_offset,
-            columns=columns,
+            columns=current_included,
             exclude_columns=self._exclude_columns,
             order_bys=self.order_bys,
         )

ormar/queryset/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import collections.abc
+import copy
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Set, Union
+
+
+def check_node_not_dict_or_not_last_node(
+    part: str, parts: List, current_level: Any
+) -> bool:
+    return (part not in current_level and part != parts[-1]) or (
+        part in current_level and not isinstance(current_level[part], dict)
+    )
+
+
+def translate_list_to_dict(list_to_trans: Union[List, Set]) -> Dict:  # noqa: CCR001
+    new_dict: Dict = dict()
+    for path in list_to_trans:
+        current_level = new_dict
+        parts = path.split("__")
+        for part in parts:
+            if check_node_not_dict_or_not_last_node(
+                part=part, parts=parts, current_level=current_level
+            ):
+                current_level[part] = dict()
+            elif part not in current_level:
+                current_level[part] = ...
+            current_level = current_level[part]
+    return new_dict
+
+
+def convert_set_to_required_dict(set_to_convert: set) -> Dict:
+    new_dict = dict()
+    for key in set_to_convert:
+        new_dict[key] = Ellipsis
+    return new_dict
+
+
+def update(current_dict: Any, updating_dict: Any) -> Dict:  # noqa: CCR001
+    if current_dict is Ellipsis:
+        current_dict = dict()
+    for key, value in updating_dict.items():
+        if isinstance(value, collections.abc.Mapping):
+            old_key = current_dict.get(key, {})
+            if isinstance(old_key, set):
+                old_key = convert_set_to_required_dict(old_key)
+            current_dict[key] = update(old_key, value)
+        elif isinstance(value, set) and isinstance(current_dict.get(key), set):
+            current_dict[key] = current_dict.get(key).union(value)
+        else:
+            current_dict[key] = value
+    return current_dict
+
+
+def update_dict_from_list(curr_dict: Dict, list_to_update: Union[List, Set]) -> Dict:
+    updated_dict = copy.copy(curr_dict)
+    dict_to_update = translate_list_to_dict(list_to_update)
+    update(updated_dict, dict_to_update)
+    return updated_dict

ormar/relations/__init__.py

@@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
 from ormar.relations.alias_manager import AliasManager
 from ormar.relations.relation import Relation, RelationType
 from ormar.relations.relation_manager import RelationsManager
-from ormar.relations.utils import (
-    get_relations_sides_and_names,
-    register_missing_relation,
-)
+from ormar.relations.utils import get_relations_sides_and_names
 
 __all__ = [
     "AliasManager",
     "Relation",
     "RelationsManager",
     "RelationType",
-    "register_missing_relation",
     "get_relations_sides_and_names",
 ]

ormar/relations/relation_manager.py

@@ -5,10 +5,7 @@ from ormar.fields import BaseField
 from ormar.fields.foreign_key import ForeignKeyField
 from ormar.fields.many_to_many import ManyToManyField
 from ormar.relations.relation import Relation, RelationType
-from ormar.relations.utils import (
-    get_relations_sides_and_names,
-    register_missing_relation,
-)
+from ormar.relations.utils import get_relations_sides_and_names
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma no cover
     from ormar import Model
@@ -42,8 +39,6 @@ class RelationsManager:
             to=field.to,
             through=getattr(field, "through", None),
         )
-        if field.name not in self._related_names:
-            self._related_names.append(field.name)
 
     def __contains__(self, item: str) -> bool:
         return item in self._related_names
@@ -69,9 +64,10 @@ class RelationsManager:
         )
 
         parent_relation = parent._orm._get(child_name)
-        if not parent_relation:
-            parent_relation = register_missing_relation(parent, child, child_name)
-        parent_relation.add(child)  # type: ignore
+        if parent_relation:
+            # print('missing', child_name)
+            # parent_relation = register_missing_relation(parent, child, child_name)
+            parent_relation.add(child)  # type: ignore
 
         child_relation = child._orm._get(to_name)
         if child_relation:

ormar/relations/relation_proxy.py

@@ -72,6 +72,4 @@ class RelationProxy(list):
         if self.relation._type == ormar.RelationType.MULTIPLE:
             await self.queryset_proxy.create_through_instance(item)
         rel_name = item.resolve_relation_name(item, self._owner)
-        if rel_name not in item._orm:  # pragma nocover
-            item._orm._add_relation(item.Meta.model_fields[rel_name])
         setattr(item, rel_name, self._owner)

ormar/relations/utils.py

@@ -1,26 +1,13 @@
-from typing import Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple, Type
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple, Type
 from weakref import proxy
 
-import ormar
 from ormar.fields import BaseField
 from ormar.fields.many_to_many import ManyToManyField
-from ormar.relations import Relation
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma no cover
     from ormar import Model
 
 
-def register_missing_relation(
-    parent: "Model", child: "Model", child_name: str
-) -> Optional[Relation]:
-    ormar.models.expand_reverse_relationships(child.__class__)
-    name = parent.resolve_relation_name(parent, child)
-    field = parent.Meta.model_fields[name]
-    parent._orm._add_relation(field)
-    parent_relation = parent._orm._get(child_name)
-    return parent_relation
-
-
 def get_relations_sides_and_names(
     to_field: Type[BaseField],
     parent: "Model",

requirements.txt

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ databases[mysql]
 pydantic
 sqlalchemy
 typing_extensions
+orjson
 
 # Async database drivers
 aiomysql
@@ -34,3 +35,6 @@ flake8-variables-names
 flake8-cognitive-complexity
 flake8-functions
 flake8-expression-complexity
+
+# Performance testing
+yappi

setup.py

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ setup(
     version=get_version(PACKAGE),
     url=URL,
     license="MIT",
-    description="An simple async ORM with fastapi in mind and pydantic validation.",
+    description="A simple async ORM with fastapi in mind and pydantic validation.",
     long_description=get_long_description(),
     long_description_content_type="text/markdown",
     keywords=['orm', 'sqlalchemy', 'fastapi', 'pydantic', 'databases', 'async', 'alembic'],
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ setup(
         "postgresql": ["asyncpg", "psycopg2"],
         "mysql": ["aiomysql", "pymysql"],
         "sqlite": ["aiosqlite"],
+        "orjson": ["orjson"]
     },
     classifiers=[
         "Development Status :: 3 - Alpha",

tests/test_aliases.py

@@ -117,8 +117,8 @@ async def test_working_with_aliases():
                         "first_name",
                         "last_name",
                         "born_year",
-                        "child__first_name",
-                        "child__last_name",
+                        "children__first_name",
+                        "children__last_name",
                     ]
                 )
                 .get()

tests/test_excluding_subset_of_columns.py

@@ -80,10 +80,53 @@ async def test_selecting_subset():
             all_cars = (
                 await Car.objects.select_related("manufacturer")
                 .exclude_fields(
-                    ["gearbox_type", "gears", "aircon_type", "year", "company__founded"]
+                    [
+                        "gearbox_type",
+                        "gears",
+                        "aircon_type",
+                        "year",
+                        "manufacturer__founded",
+                    ]
                 )
                 .all()
             )
+            for car in all_cars:
+                assert all(
+                    getattr(car, x) is None
+                    for x in ["year", "gearbox_type", "gears", "aircon_type"]
+                )
+                assert car.manufacturer.name == "Toyota"
+                assert car.manufacturer.founded is None
+
+            all_cars = (
+                await Car.objects.select_related("manufacturer")
+                .exclude_fields(
+                    {
+                        "gearbox_type": ...,
+                        "gears": ...,
+                        "aircon_type": ...,
+                        "year": ...,
+                        "manufacturer": {"founded": ...},
+                    }
+                )
+                .all()
+            )
+            all_cars2 = (
+                await Car.objects.select_related("manufacturer")
+                .exclude_fields(
+                    {
+                        "gearbox_type": ...,
+                        "gears": ...,
+                        "aircon_type": ...,
+                        "year": ...,
+                        "manufacturer": {"founded"},
+                    }
+                )
+                .all()
+            )
+
+            assert all_cars == all_cars2
+
             for car in all_cars:
                 assert all(
                     getattr(car, x) is None
@@ -119,7 +162,7 @@ async def test_selecting_subset():
             all_cars_check2 = (
                 await Car.objects.select_related("manufacturer")
                 .fields(["id", "name", "manufacturer"])
-                .exclude_fields("company__founded")
+                .exclude_fields("manufacturer__founded")
                 .all()
             )
             for car in all_cars_check2:
@@ -133,5 +176,5 @@ async def test_selecting_subset():
             with pytest.raises(pydantic.error_wrappers.ValidationError):
                 # cannot exclude mandatory model columns - company__name in this example
                 await Car.objects.select_related("manufacturer").exclude_fields(
-                    ["company__name"]
+                    ["manufacturer__name"]
                 ).all()

tests/test_new_annotation_style.py

@@ -1,374 +0,0 @@
-from typing import Optional
-
-import databases
-import pytest
-import sqlalchemy
-
-import ormar
-from ormar.exceptions import NoMatch, MultipleMatches, RelationshipInstanceError
-from tests.settings import DATABASE_URL
-
-database = databases.Database(DATABASE_URL, force_rollback=True)
-metadata = sqlalchemy.MetaData()
-
-
-class Album(ormar.Model):
-    class Meta:
-        tablename = "albums"
-        metadata = metadata
-        database = database
-
-    id: int = ormar.Integer(primary_key=True)
-    name: str = ormar.String(max_length=100)
-
-
-class Track(ormar.Model):
-    class Meta:
-        tablename = "tracks"
-        metadata = metadata
-        database = database
-
-    id: int = ormar.Integer(primary_key=True)
-    album: Optional[Album] = ormar.ForeignKey(Album)
-    title: str = ormar.String(max_length=100)
-    position: int = ormar.Integer()
-
-
-class Cover(ormar.Model):
-    class Meta:
-        tablename = "covers"
-        metadata = metadata
-        database = database
-
-    id: int = ormar.Integer(primary_key=True)
-    album: Optional[Album] = ormar.ForeignKey(Album, related_name="cover_pictures")
-    title: str = ormar.String(max_length=100)
-
-
-class Organisation(ormar.Model):
-    class Meta:
-        tablename = "org"
-        metadata = metadata
-        database = database
-
-    id: int = ormar.Integer(primary_key=True)
-    ident: str = ormar.String(max_length=100, choices=["ACME Ltd", "Other ltd"])
-
-
-class Team(ormar.Model):
-    class Meta:
-        tablename = "teams"
-        metadata = metadata
-        database = database
-
-    id: int = ormar.Integer(primary_key=True)
-    org: Optional[Organisation] = ormar.ForeignKey(Organisation)
-    name: str = ormar.String(max_length=100)
-
-
-class Member(ormar.Model):
-    class Meta:
-        tablename = "members"
-        metadata = metadata
-        database = database
-
-    id: int = ormar.Integer(primary_key=True)
-    team: Optional[Team] = ormar.ForeignKey(Team)
-    email: str = ormar.String(max_length=100)
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(autouse=True, scope="module")
-def create_test_database():
-    engine = sqlalchemy.create_engine(DATABASE_URL)
-    metadata.drop_all(engine)
-    metadata.create_all(engine)
-    yield
-    metadata.drop_all(engine)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_wrong_query_foreign_key_type():
-    async with database:
-        with pytest.raises(RelationshipInstanceError):
-            Track(title="The Error", album="wrong_pk_type")
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_setting_explicitly_empty_relation():
-    async with database:
-        track = Track(album=None, title="The Bird", position=1)
-        assert track.album is None
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_related_name():
-    async with database:
-        async with database.transaction(force_rollback=True):
-            album = await Album.objects.create(name="Vanilla")
-            await Cover.objects.create(album=album, title="The cover file")
-            assert len(album.cover_pictures) == 1
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_model_crud():
-    async with database:
-        async with database.transaction(force_rollback=True):
-            album = Album(name="Jamaica")
-            await album.save()
-            track1 = Track(album=album, title="The Bird", position=1)
-            track2 = Track(album=album, title="Heart don't stand a chance", position=2)
-            track3 = Track(album=album, title="The Waters", position=3)
-            await track1.save()
-            await track2.save()
-            await track3.save()
-
-            track = await Track.objects.get(title="The Bird")
-            assert track.album.pk == album.pk
-            assert isinstance(track.album, ormar.Model)
-            assert track.album.name is None
-            await track.album.load()
-            assert track.album.name == "Jamaica"
-
-            assert len(album.tracks) == 3
-            assert album.tracks[1].title == "Heart don't stand a chance"
-
-            album1 = await Album.objects.get(name="Jamaica")
-            assert album1.pk == album.pk
-            assert album1.tracks == []
-
-            await Track.objects.create(
-                album={"id": track.album.pk}, title="The Bird2", position=4
-            )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_select_related():
-    async with database:
-        async with database.transaction(force_rollback=True):
-            album = Album(name="Malibu")
-            await album.save()
-            track1 = Track(album=album, title="The Bird", position=1)
-            track2 = Track(album=album, title="Heart don't stand a chance", position=2)
-            track3 = Track(album=album, title="The Waters", position=3)
-            await track1.save()
-            await track2.save()
-            await track3.save()
-
-            fantasies = Album(name="Fantasies")
-            await fantasies.save()
-            track4 = Track(album=fantasies, title="Help I'm Alive", position=1)
-            track5 = Track(album=fantasies, title="Sick Muse", position=2)
-            track6 = Track(album=fantasies, title="Satellite Mind", position=3)
-            await track4.save()
-            await track5.save()
-            await track6.save()
-
-            track = await Track.objects.select_related("album").get(title="The Bird")
-            assert track.album.name == "Malibu"
-
-            tracks = await Track.objects.select_related("album").all()
-            assert len(tracks) == 6
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_model_removal_from_relations():
-    async with database:
-        async with database.transaction(force_rollback=True):
-            album = Album(name="Chichi")
-            await album.save()
-            track1 = Track(album=album, title="The Birdman", position=1)
-            track2 = Track(album=album, title="Superman", position=2)
-            track3 = Track(album=album, title="Wonder Woman", position=3)
-            await track1.save()
-            await track2.save()
-            await track3.save()
-
-            assert len(album.tracks) == 3
-            await album.tracks.remove(track1)
-            assert len(album.tracks) == 2
-            assert track1.album is None
-
-            await track1.update()
-            track1 = await Track.objects.get(title="The Birdman")
-            assert track1.album is None
-
-            await album.tracks.add(track1)
-            assert len(album.tracks) == 3
-            assert track1.album == album
-
-            await track1.update()
-            track1 = await Track.objects.select_related("album__tracks").get(
-                title="The Birdman"
-            )
-            album = await Album.objects.select_related("tracks").get(name="Chichi")
-            assert track1.album == album
-
-            track1.remove(album)
-            assert track1.album is None
-            assert len(album.tracks) == 2
-
-            track2.remove(album)
-            assert track2.album is None
-            assert len(album.tracks) == 1
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_fk_filter():
-    async with database:
-        async with database.transaction(force_rollback=True):
-            malibu = Album(name="Malibu%")
-            await malibu.save()
-            await Track.objects.create(album=malibu, title="The Bird", position=1)
-            await Track.objects.create(
-                album=malibu, title="Heart don't stand a chance", position=2
-            )
-            await Track.objects.create(album=malibu, title="The Waters", position=3)
-
-            fantasies = await Album.objects.create(name="Fantasies")
-            await Track.objects.create(
-                album=fantasies, title="Help I'm Alive", position=1
-            )
-            await Track.objects.create(album=fantasies, title="Sick Muse", position=2)
-            await Track.objects.create(
-                album=fantasies, title="Satellite Mind", position=3
-            )
-
-            tracks = (
-                await Track.objects.select_related("album")
-                .filter(album__name="Fantasies")
-                .all()
-            )
-            assert len(tracks) == 3
-            for track in tracks:
-                assert track.album.name == "Fantasies"
-
-            tracks = (
-                await Track.objects.select_related("album")
-                .filter(album__name__icontains="fan")
-                .all()
-            )
-            assert len(tracks) == 3
-            for track in tracks:
-                assert track.album.name == "Fantasies"
-
-            tracks = await Track.objects.filter(album__name__contains="Fan").all()
-            assert len(tracks) == 3
-            for track in tracks:
-                assert track.album.name == "Fantasies"
-
-            tracks = await Track.objects.filter(album__name__contains="Malibu%").all()
-            assert len(tracks) == 3
-
-            tracks = (
-                await Track.objects.filter(album=malibu).select_related("album").all()
-            )
-            assert len(tracks) == 3
-            for track in tracks:
-                assert track.album.name == "Malibu%"
-
-            tracks = await Track.objects.select_related("album").all(album=malibu)
-            assert len(tracks) == 3
-            for track in tracks:
-                assert track.album.name == "Malibu%"
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_multiple_fk():
-    async with database:
-        async with database.transaction(force_rollback=True):
-            acme = await Organisation.objects.create(ident="ACME Ltd")
-            red_team = await Team.objects.create(org=acme, name="Red Team")
-            blue_team = await Team.objects.create(org=acme, name="Blue Team")
-            await Member.objects.create(team=red_team, email="a@example.org")
-            await Member.objects.create(team=red_team, email="b@example.org")
-            await Member.objects.create(team=blue_team, email="c@example.org")
-            await Member.objects.create(team=blue_team, email="d@example.org")
-
-            other = await Organisation.objects.create(ident="Other ltd")
-            team = await Team.objects.create(org=other, name="Green Team")
-            await Member.objects.create(team=team, email="e@example.org")
-
-            members = (
-                await Member.objects.select_related("team__org")
-                .filter(team__org__ident="ACME Ltd")
-                .all()
-            )
-            assert len(members) == 4
-            for member in members:
-                assert member.team.org.ident == "ACME Ltd"
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_wrong_choices():
-    async with database:
-        async with database.transaction(force_rollback=True):
-            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-                await Organisation.objects.create(ident="Test 1")
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_pk_filter():
-    async with database:
-        async with database.transaction(force_rollback=True):
-            fantasies = await Album.objects.create(name="Test")
-            track = await Track.objects.create(
-                album=fantasies, title="Test1", position=1
-            )
-            await Track.objects.create(album=fantasies, title="Test2", position=2)
-            await Track.objects.create(album=fantasies, title="Test3", position=3)
-            tracks = (
-                await Track.objects.select_related("album").filter(pk=track.pk).all()
-            )
-            assert len(tracks) == 1
-
-            tracks = (
-                await Track.objects.select_related("album")
-                .filter(position=2, album__name="Test")
-                .all()
-            )
-            assert len(tracks) == 1
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_limit_and_offset():
-    async with database:
-        async with database.transaction(force_rollback=True):
-            fantasies = await Album.objects.create(name="Limitless")
-            await Track.objects.create(
-                id=None, album=fantasies, title="Sample", position=1
-            )
-            await Track.objects.create(album=fantasies, title="Sample2", position=2)
-            await Track.objects.create(album=fantasies, title="Sample3", position=3)
-
-            tracks = await Track.objects.limit(1).all()
-            assert len(tracks) == 1
-            assert tracks[0].title == "Sample"
-
-            tracks = await Track.objects.limit(1).offset(1).all()
-            assert len(tracks) == 1
-            assert tracks[0].title == "Sample2"
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_get_exceptions():
-    async with database:
-        async with database.transaction(force_rollback=True):
-            fantasies = await Album.objects.create(name="Test")
-
-            with pytest.raises(NoMatch):
-                await Album.objects.get(name="Test2")
-
-            await Track.objects.create(album=fantasies, title="Test1", position=1)
-            await Track.objects.create(album=fantasies, title="Test2", position=2)
-            await Track.objects.create(album=fantasies, title="Test3", position=3)
-            with pytest.raises(MultipleMatches):
-                await Track.objects.select_related("album").get(album=fantasies)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_wrong_model_passed_as_fk():
-    async with database:
-        async with database.transaction(force_rollback=True):
-            with pytest.raises(RelationshipInstanceError):
-                org = await Organisation.objects.create(ident="ACME Ltd")
-                await Track.objects.create(album=org, title="Test1", position=1)

tests/test_queryset_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+from ormar.models.excludable import Excludable
+from ormar.queryset.utils import translate_list_to_dict, update_dict_from_list, update
+
+
+def test_empty_excludable():
+    assert Excludable.is_included(None, "key")  # all fields included if empty
+    assert not Excludable.is_excluded(None, "key")  # none field excluded if empty
+
+
+def test_list_to_dict_translation():
+    tet_list = ["aa", "bb", "cc__aa", "cc__bb", "cc__aa__xx", "cc__aa__yy"]
+    test = translate_list_to_dict(tet_list)
+    assert test == {
+        "aa": Ellipsis,
+        "bb": Ellipsis,
+        "cc": {"aa": {"xx": Ellipsis, "yy": Ellipsis}, "bb": Ellipsis},
+    }
+
+
+def test_updating_dict_with_list():
+    curr_dict = {
+        "aa": Ellipsis,
+        "bb": Ellipsis,
+        "cc": {"aa": {"xx": Ellipsis, "yy": Ellipsis}, "bb": Ellipsis},
+    }
+    list_to_update = ["ee", "bb__cc", "cc__aa__xx__oo", "cc__aa__oo"]
+    test = update_dict_from_list(curr_dict, list_to_update)
+    assert test == {
+        "aa": Ellipsis,
+        "bb": {"cc": Ellipsis},
+        "cc": {
+            "aa": {"xx": {"oo": Ellipsis}, "yy": Ellipsis, "oo": Ellipsis},
+            "bb": Ellipsis,
+        },
+        "ee": Ellipsis,
+    }
+
+
+def test_updating_dict_inc_set_with_list():
+    curr_dict = {
+        "aa": Ellipsis,
+        "bb": Ellipsis,
+        "cc": {"aa": {"xx", "yy"}, "bb": Ellipsis},
+    }
+    list_to_update = ["uu", "bb__cc", "cc__aa__xx__oo", "cc__aa__oo"]
+    test = update_dict_from_list(curr_dict, list_to_update)
+    assert test == {
+        "aa": Ellipsis,
+        "bb": {"cc": Ellipsis},
+        "cc": {
+            "aa": {"xx": {"oo": Ellipsis}, "yy": Ellipsis, "oo": Ellipsis},
+            "bb": Ellipsis,
+        },
+        "uu": Ellipsis,
+    }
+
+
+def test_updating_dict_inc_set_with_dict():
+    curr_dict = {
+        "aa": Ellipsis,
+        "bb": Ellipsis,
+        "cc": {"aa": {"xx", "yy"}, "bb": Ellipsis},
+    }
+    dict_to_update = {
+        "uu": Ellipsis,
+        "bb": {"cc", "dd"},
+        "cc": {"aa": {"xx": {"oo": Ellipsis}, "oo": Ellipsis}},
+    }
+    test = update(curr_dict, dict_to_update)
+    assert test == {
+        "aa": Ellipsis,
+        "bb": {"cc", "dd"},
+        "cc": {
+            "aa": {"xx": {"oo": Ellipsis}, "yy": Ellipsis, "oo": Ellipsis},
+            "bb": Ellipsis,
+        },
+        "uu": Ellipsis,
+    }
+
+
+def test_updating_dict_inc_set_with_dict_inc_set():
+    curr_dict = {
+        "aa": Ellipsis,
+        "bb": Ellipsis,
+        "cc": {"aa": {"xx", "yy"}, "bb": Ellipsis},
+    }
+    dict_to_update = {
+        "uu": Ellipsis,
+        "bb": {"cc", "dd"},
+        "cc": {"aa": {"xx", "oo", "zz", "ii"}},
+    }
+    test = update(curr_dict, dict_to_update)
+    assert test == {
+        "aa": Ellipsis,
+        "bb": {"cc", "dd"},
+        "cc": {"aa": {"xx", "yy", "oo", "zz", "ii"}, "bb": Ellipsis},
+        "uu": Ellipsis,
+    }

tests/test_selecting_subset_of_columns.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-from typing import Optional
+import itertools
+from typing import Optional, List
 
 import databases
 import pydantic
@@ -12,6 +13,35 @@ database = databases.Database(DATABASE_URL, force_rollback=True)
 metadata = sqlalchemy.MetaData()
 
 
+class NickNames(ormar.Model):
+    class Meta:
+        tablename = "nicks"
+        metadata = metadata
+        database = database
+
+    id: int = ormar.Integer(primary_key=True)
+    name: str = ormar.String(max_length=100, nullable=False, name="hq_name")
+    is_lame: bool = ormar.Boolean(nullable=True)
+
+
+class NicksHq(ormar.Model):
+    class Meta:
+        tablename = "nicks_x_hq"
+        metadata = metadata
+        database = database
+
+
+class HQ(ormar.Model):
+    class Meta:
+        tablename = "hqs"
+        metadata = metadata
+        database = database
+
+    id: int = ormar.Integer(primary_key=True)
+    name: str = ormar.String(max_length=100, nullable=False, name="hq_name")
+    nicks: List[NickNames] = ormar.ManyToMany(NickNames, through=NicksHq)
+
+
 class Company(ormar.Model):
     class Meta:
         tablename = "companies"
@@ -21,6 +51,7 @@ class Company(ormar.Model):
     id: int = ormar.Integer(primary_key=True)
     name: str = ormar.String(max_length=100, nullable=False, name="company_name")
     founded: int = ormar.Integer(nullable=True)
+    hq: HQ = ormar.ForeignKey(HQ)
 
 
 class Car(ormar.Model):
@@ -51,7 +82,14 @@ def create_test_database():
 async def test_selecting_subset():
     async with database:
         async with database.transaction(force_rollback=True):
-            toyota = await Company.objects.create(name="Toyota", founded=1937)
+            nick1 = await NickNames.objects.create(name="Nippon", is_lame=False)
+            nick2 = await NickNames.objects.create(name="EroCherry", is_lame=True)
+            hq = await HQ.objects.create(name="Japan")
+            await hq.nicks.add(nick1)
+            await hq.nicks.add(nick2)
+
+            toyota = await Company.objects.create(name="Toyota", founded=1937, hq=hq)
+
             await Car.objects.create(
                 manufacturer=toyota,
                 name="Corolla",
@@ -78,17 +116,66 @@ async def test_selecting_subset():
             )
 
             all_cars = (
-                await Car.objects.select_related("manufacturer")
-                .fields(["id", "name", "company__name"])
+                await Car.objects.select_related(
+                    ["manufacturer", "manufacturer__hq", "manufacturer__hq__nicks"]
+                )
+                .fields(
+                    [
+                        "id",
+                        "name",
+                        "manufacturer__name",
+                        "manufacturer__hq__name",
+                        "manufacturer__hq__nicks__name",
+                    ]
+                )
                 .all()
             )
-            for car in all_cars:
+
+            all_cars2 = (
+                await Car.objects.select_related(
+                    ["manufacturer", "manufacturer__hq", "manufacturer__hq__nicks"]
+                )
+                .fields(
+                    {
+                        "id": ...,
+                        "name": ...,
+                        "manufacturer": {
+                            "name": ...,
+                            "hq": {"name": ..., "nicks": {"name": ...}},
+                        },
+                    }
+                )
+                .all()
+            )
+
+            all_cars3 = (
+                await Car.objects.select_related(
+                    ["manufacturer", "manufacturer__hq", "manufacturer__hq__nicks"]
+                )
+                .fields(
+                    {
+                        "id": ...,
+                        "name": ...,
+                        "manufacturer": {
+                            "name": ...,
+                            "hq": {"name": ..., "nicks": {"name"}},
+                        },
+                    }
+                )
+                .all()
+            )
+            assert all_cars3 == all_cars
+
+            for car in itertools.chain(all_cars, all_cars2):
                 assert all(
                     getattr(car, x) is None
                     for x in ["year", "gearbox_type", "gears", "aircon_type"]
                 )
                 assert car.manufacturer.name == "Toyota"
                 assert car.manufacturer.founded is None
+                assert car.manufacturer.hq.name == "Japan"
+                assert len(car.manufacturer.hq.nicks) == 2
+                assert car.manufacturer.hq.nicks[0].is_lame is None
 
             all_cars = (
                 await Car.objects.select_related("manufacturer")
@@ -103,9 +190,16 @@ async def test_selecting_subset():
                 )
                 assert car.manufacturer.name == "Toyota"
                 assert car.manufacturer.founded == 1937
+                assert car.manufacturer.hq.name is None
 
             all_cars_check = await Car.objects.select_related("manufacturer").all()
-            for car in all_cars_check:
+            all_cars_with_whole_nested = (
+                await Car.objects.select_related("manufacturer")
+                .fields(["id", "name", "year", "gearbox_type", "gears", "aircon_type"])
+                .fields({"manufacturer": ...})
+                .all()
+            )
+            for car in itertools.chain(all_cars_check, all_cars_with_whole_nested):
                 assert all(
                     getattr(car, x) is not None
                     for x in ["year", "gearbox_type", "gears", "aircon_type"]
@@ -113,8 +207,20 @@ async def test_selecting_subset():
                 assert car.manufacturer.name == "Toyota"
                 assert car.manufacturer.founded == 1937
 
+            all_cars_dummy = (
+                await Car.objects.select_related("manufacturer")
+                .fields(["id", "name", "year", "gearbox_type", "gears", "aircon_type"])
+                .fields({"manufacturer": ...})
+                .exclude_fields({"manufacturer": ...})
+                .fields({"manufacturer": {"name"}})
+                .exclude_fields({"manufacturer__founded"})
+                .all()
+            )
+
+            assert all_cars_dummy[0].manufacturer.founded is None
+
             with pytest.raises(pydantic.error_wrappers.ValidationError):
                 # cannot exclude mandatory model columns - company__name in this example
                 await Car.objects.select_related("manufacturer").fields(
-                    ["id", "name", "company__founded"]
+                    ["id", "name", "manufacturer__founded"]
                 ).all()