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<h1 id="ormar">ormar</h1>
<p><p>
<a href="https://pypi.org/project/ormar">
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<h3 id="overview">Overview</h3>
<p>The <code>ormar</code> package is an async mini ORM for Python, with support for <strong>Postgres,
MySQL</strong>, and <strong>SQLite</strong>. </p>
<p>The main benefit of using <code>ormar</code> are:</p>
<ul>
<li>getting an <strong>async ORM that can be used with async frameworks</strong> (fastapi, starlette etc.)</li>
<li>getting just <strong>one model to maintain</strong> - you don't have to maintain pydantic and other orm model (sqlalchemy, peewee, gino etc.)</li>
</ul>
<p>The goal was to create a simple ORM that can be <strong>used directly (as request and response models) with <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/"><code>fastapi</code></a></strong> that bases it's data validation on pydantic.</p>
<p>Ormar - apart form obvious ORM in name - get it's name from ormar in swedish which means snakes, and ormar(e) in italian which means cabinet. </p>
<p>And what's a better name for python ORM than snakes cabinet :)</p>
<h3 id="documentation">Documentation</h3>
<p>Check out the <a href="https://ormar.collerek.com/">documentation</a> for details.</p>
<h3 id="dependencies">Dependencies</h3>
<p>Ormar is built with:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/core/"><code>SQLAlchemy core</code></a> for query building.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/encode/databases"><code>databases</code></a> for cross-database async support.</li>
<li><a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/"><code>pydantic</code></a> for data validation.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="migrations">Migrations</h3>
<p>Because ormar is built on SQLAlchemy core, you can use <a href="https://alembic.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/"><code>alembic</code></a> to provide
database migrations.</p>
<p><strong>ormar is still under development:</strong> We recommend pinning any dependencies with <code>ormar~=0.3.6</code></p>
<h3 id="quick-start">Quick Start</h3>
<p><strong>Note</strong>: Use <code>ipython</code> to try this from the console, since it supports <code>await</code>.</p>
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74</pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">databases</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">ormar</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span>
<span class="n">database</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">databases</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Database</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;sqlite:///db.sqlite&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">metadata</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sqlalchemy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MetaData</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Album</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ormar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Model</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Meta</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">tablename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;album&quot;</span>
<span class="n">metadata</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">metadata</span>
<span class="n">database</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">database</span>
<span class="nb">id</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ormar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">primary_key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ormar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Track</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ormar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Model</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Meta</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">tablename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;track&quot;</span>
<span class="n">metadata</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">metadata</span>
<span class="n">database</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">database</span>
<span class="nb">id</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ormar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">primary_key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">album</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ormar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ForeignKey</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Album</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">title</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ormar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">position</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ormar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># Create some records to work with.</span>
<span class="n">malibu</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">Album</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Malibu&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">Track</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">album</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">malibu</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;The Bird&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">position</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">Track</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">album</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">malibu</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Heart don&#39;t stand a chance&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">position</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">Track</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">album</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">malibu</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;The Waters&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">position</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fantasies</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">Album</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Fantasies&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">Track</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">album</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fantasies</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Help I&#39;m Alive&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">position</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">Track</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">album</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fantasies</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Sick Muse&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">position</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Fetch an instance, without loading a foreign key relationship on it.</span>
<span class="n">track</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">Track</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;The Bird&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># We have an album instance, but it only has the primary key populated</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">track</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">album</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Album(id=1) [sparse]</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">track</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">album</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pk</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 1</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">track</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">album</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># None</span>
<span class="c1"># Load the relationship from the database</span>
<span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">track</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">album</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">track</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">album</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Malibu&quot;</span>
<span class="c1"># This time, fetch an instance, loading the foreign key relationship.</span>
<span class="n">track</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">Track</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select_related</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;album&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;The Bird&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">track</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">album</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Malibu&quot;</span>
<span class="c1"># By default you also get a second side of the relation </span>
<span class="c1"># constructed as lowercase source model name +&#39;s&#39; (tracks in this case)</span>
<span class="c1"># you can also provide custom name with parameter related_name</span>
<span class="n">album</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">Album</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select_related</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;tracks&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">all</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">album</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tracks</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="c1"># Fetch instances, with a filter across an FK relationship.</span>
<span class="n">tracks</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Track</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">album__name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Fantasies&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tracks</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="c1"># Fetch instances, with a filter and operator across an FK relationship.</span>
<span class="n">tracks</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Track</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">album__name__iexact</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;fantasies&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tracks</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="c1"># Limit a query</span>
<span class="n">tracks</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">Track</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">limit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">all</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tracks</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
</code></pre></div>
</td></tr></table>
<h2 id="data-types">Data types</h2>
<h4 id="relation-types">Relation types</h4>
<ul>
<li>One to many - with <code>ForeignKey</code></li>
<li>Many to many - with <code>Many2Many</code></li>
</ul>
<h4 id="model-fields-types">Model fields types</h4>
<p>Available Model Fields (with required args - optional ones in docs):</p>
<ul>
<li><code>String(max_length)</code></li>
<li><code>Text()</code></li>
<li><code>Boolean()</code></li>
<li><code>Integer()</code></li>
<li><code>Float()</code></li>
<li><code>Date()</code></li>
<li><code>Time()</code></li>
<li><code>DateTime()</code></li>
<li><code>JSON()</code></li>
<li><code>BigInteger()</code></li>
<li><code>Decimal(scale, precision)</code></li>
<li><code>UUID()</code></li>
<li><code>ForeignKey(to)</code></li>
<li><code>Many2Many(to, through)</code></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="available-fields-options">Available fields options</h3>
<p>The following keyword arguments are supported on all field types.</p>
<ul>
<li><code>primary_key: bool</code></li>
<li><code>nullable: bool</code></li>
<li><code>default: Any</code></li>
<li><code>server_default: Any</code></li>
<li><code>index: bool</code></li>
<li><code>unique: bool</code></li>
<li><code>choices: typing.Sequence</code></li>
</ul>
<p>All fields are required unless one of the following is set:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>nullable</code> - Creates a nullable column. Sets the default to <code>None</code>.</li>
<li><code>default</code> - Set a default value for the field.</li>
<li><code>server_default</code> - Set a default value for the field on server side (like sqlalchemy's <code>func.now()</code>).</li>
<li><code>primary key</code> with <code>autoincrement</code> - When a column is set to primary key and autoincrement is set on this column.
Autoincrement is set by default on int primary keys. </li>
</ul>
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